OpenTelemetry Protocol 文件导出器

本文档提供了一个占位符，用于指定能够导出到文件或 stdout 的 OTLP 导出器。

目前，它仅描述了 OpenTelemetry 数据到 OTLP JSON 格式的序列化。

用例

为什么我们需要文件导出器 - 为什么不直接使用 OTLP 导出器？

FaaS：在 FaaS 环境中，OTLP 导出器可能无法将数据发送到收集器。
一致的 Pod 日志抓取：在 Kubernetes 环境中，日志通常从 stdout Pod 文件中抓取。此导出器可用于将日志写入 stdout - 这使得它更容易与现有日志抓取工具集成。现有解决方案会将元数据（例如跟踪 ID）添加到日志行中，这需要手动配置且容易出错。
可靠性：出于可靠性原因，一些人更喜欢将日志写入文件而不是通过网络发送数据。

导出器配置

指标导出器**必须**支持 OTLP 导出器规范中定义的这些环境变量。

如果一种语言提供了自动配置 span 或 logs processor 以与关联导出器配对的机制（例如，使用 OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER 环境变量），则默认情况下，OpenTelemetry Protocol 文件导出器**应**与批处理 processor 配对。

以编程方式配置

要求	名称	描述	默认值
必须	输出流（或类似物）	配置输出流。这应包括将输出流配置到文件的可能性。	stdout

JSON 文件序列化

本文档描述了将 OpenTelemetry 数据序列化为可存储在文件中的 JSON 对象。

文件存储要求

JSON Lines 文件

此文件是 JSON Lines 文件，因此遵循这些要求：

UTF-8 编码
每一行都是一个有效的 JSON 值
行分隔符是 \n
首选文件扩展名为 jsonl。

流式追加

不能保证文件中的数据是有序的。

不能保证时间戳单调递增。

遥测数据要求

这定义了序列化方案的第一个版本。

数据必须根据 OTLP JSON 编码中指定的格式进行编码。

仅支持顶级对象 TracesData、MetricsData 和 LogsData。

文件必须只包含一种类型的数据：traces、metrics 或 logs。

示例

这是一个显示 traces 的示例

{"resourceSpans":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeSpans":[{"scope":{},"spans":[{"traceId":"","spanId":"","parentSpanId":"","name":"operationA","startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000321","endTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","droppedAttributesCount":1,"events":[{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000123","name":"event-with-attr","attributes":[{"key":"span-event-attr","value":{"stringValue":"span-event-attr-val"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":2},{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000123","name":"event","droppedAttributesCount":2}],"droppedEventsCount":1,"status":{"message":"status-cancelled","code":2}},{"traceId":"","spanId":"","parentSpanId":"","name":"operationB","startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000321","endTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","links":[{"traceId":"","spanId":"","attributes":[{"key":"span-link-attr","value":{"stringValue":"span-link-attr-val"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":4},{"traceId":"","spanId":"","droppedAttributesCount":1}],"droppedLinksCount":3,"status":{}}]}]}]}
{"resourceSpans":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeSpans":[{"scope":{},"spans":[{"traceId":"","spanId":"","parentSpanId":"","name":"operationA","startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000321","endTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","droppedAttributesCount":1,"events":[{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000424","name":"event-with-attr","attributes":[{"key":"span-event-attr","value":{"stringValue":"span-event-attr-val"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":2},{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000424","name":"event","droppedAttributesCount":2}],"droppedEventsCount":1,"status":{"message":"status-cancelled","code":2}},{"traceId":"","spanId":"","parentSpanId":"","name":"operationB","startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000343","endTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000001089","links":[{"traceId":"","spanId":"","attributes":[{"key":"span-link-attr","value":{"stringValue":"span-link-attr-val"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":3},{"traceId":"","spanId":"","droppedAttributesCount":4}],"droppedLinksCount":2,"status":{}}]}]}]}
{"resourceSpans":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeSpans":[{"scope":{},"spans":[{"traceId":"","spanId":"","parentSpanId":"","name":"operationA","startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000321","endTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","droppedAttributesCount":1,"events":[{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000826","name":"event-with-attr","attributes":[{"key":"span-event-attr","value":{"stringValue":"span-event-attr-val"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":2},{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000826","name":"event","droppedAttributesCount":2}],"droppedEventsCount":1,"status":{"message":"status-cancelled","code":2}},{"traceId":"","spanId":"","parentSpanId":"","name":"operationB","startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000200521","endTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000004789","links":[{"traceId":"","spanId":"","attributes":[{"key":"span-link-attr","value":{"stringValue":"span-link-attr-val"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":5},{"traceId":"","spanId":"","droppedAttributesCount":2}],"droppedLinksCount":3,"status":{}}]}]}]}
{"resourceSpans":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeSpans":[{"scope":{},"spans":[{"traceId":"","spanId":"","parentSpanId":"","name":"operationA","startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000321","endTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","droppedAttributesCount":1,"events":[{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000010925","name":"event-with-attr","attributes":[{"key":"span-event-attr","value":{"stringValue":"span-event-attr-val"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":2},{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000010925","name":"event","droppedAttributesCount":2}],"droppedEventsCount":1,"status":{"message":"status-cancelled","code":2}},{"traceId":"","spanId":"","parentSpanId":"","name":"operationB","startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000011821","endTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000012924","links":[{"traceId":"","spanId":"","attributes":[{"key":"span-link-attr","value":{"stringValue":"span-link-attr-val"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":2},{"traceId":"","spanId":"","droppedAttributesCount":2}],"droppedLinksCount":5,"status":{}}]}]}]}

这是一个显示 metrics 的示例

{"resourceMetrics":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeMetrics":[{"scope":{},"metrics":[{"name":"counter-int","unit":"1","sum":{"dataPoints":[{"attributes":[{"key":"label-1","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-1"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","asInt":"123"},{"attributes":[{"key":"label-2","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-2"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000321","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","asInt":"456"}],"aggregationTemporality":2,"isMonotonic":true}},{"name":"counter-int","unit":"1","sum":{"dataPoints":[{"attributes":[{"key":"label-1","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-1"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000321","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","asInt":"123"},{"attributes":[{"key":"label-2","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-2"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000321","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","asInt":"456"}],"aggregationTemporality":2,"isMonotonic":true}}]}]}]}
{"resourceMetrics":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeMetrics":[{"scope":{},"metrics":[{"name":"counter-int","unit":"1","sum":{"dataPoints":[{"attributes":[{"key":"label-1","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-1"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000001459","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000001459","asInt":"120"},{"attributes":[{"key":"label-2","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-2"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000001459","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000001459","asInt":"456"}],"aggregationTemporality":2,"isMonotonic":true}},{"name":"counter-int","unit":"1","sum":{"dataPoints":[{"attributes":[{"key":"label-1","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-1"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000001459","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000001459","asInt":"123"},{"attributes":[{"key":"label-2","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-2"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000001459","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000001459","asInt":"456"}],"aggregationTemporality":2,"isMonotonic":true}}]}]}]}
{"resourceMetrics":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeMetrics":[{"scope":{},"metrics":[{"name":"counter-int","unit":"1","sum":{"dataPoints":[{"attributes":[{"key":"label-1","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-1"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000002346","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000002346","asInt":"121"},{"attributes":[{"key":"label-2","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-2"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000002346","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000002346","asInt":"456"}],"aggregationTemporality":2,"isMonotonic":true}},{"name":"counter-int","unit":"1","sum":{"dataPoints":[{"attributes":[{"key":"label-1","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-1"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000002346","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000002346","asInt":"123"},{"attributes":[{"key":"label-2","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-2"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000321","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","asInt":"456"}],"aggregationTemporality":2,"isMonotonic":true}}]}]}]}
{"resourceMetrics":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeMetrics":[{"scope":{},"metrics":[{"name":"counter-int","unit":"1","sum":{"dataPoints":[{"attributes":[{"key":"label-1","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-1"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000007891","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000007891","asInt":"125"},{"attributes":[{"key":"label-2","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-2"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000321","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000007891","asInt":"456"}],"aggregationTemporality":2,"isMonotonic":true}},{"name":"counter-int","unit":"1","sum":{"dataPoints":[{"attributes":[{"key":"label-1","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-1"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452773000007891","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000007891","asInt":"123"},{"attributes":[{"key":"label-2","value":{"stringValue":"label-value-2"}}],"startTimeUnixNano":"1581452772000000321","timeUnixNano":"1581452773000007891","asInt":"456"}],"aggregationTemporality":2,"isMonotonic":true}}]}]}]}

这是一个显示 logs 的示例

{"resourceLogs":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeLogs":[{"scope":{},"logRecords":[{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","severityNumber":9,"severityText":"Info","body":{"stringValue":"This is a log message"},"attributes":[{"key":"app","value":{"stringValue":"server"}},{"key":"instance_num","value":{"intValue":"1"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":1,"traceId":"08040201000000000000000000000000","spanId":"0102040800000000"},{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","severityNumber":9,"severityText":"Info","body":{"stringValue":"something happened"},"attributes":[{"key":"customer","value":{"stringValue":"acme"}},{"key":"env","value":{"stringValue":"dev"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":1,"traceId":"","spanId":""}]}]}]}
{"resourceLogs":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeLogs":[{"scope":{},"logRecords":[{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000001233","severityNumber":9,"severityText":"Info","body":{"stringValue":"This is a log message"},"attributes":[{"key":"app","value":{"stringValue":"server"}},{"key":"instance_num","value":{"intValue":"1"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":1,"traceId":"08040201000000000000000000000000","spanId":"0102040800000000"},{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","severityNumber":9,"severityText":"Info","body":{"stringValue":"something happened"},"attributes":[{"key":"customer","value":{"stringValue":"acme"}},{"key":"env","value":{"stringValue":"dev"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":1,"traceId":"","spanId":""}]}]}]}
{"resourceLogs":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeLogs":[{"scope":{},"logRecords":[{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000005443","severityNumber":9,"severityText":"Info","body":{"stringValue":"This is a log message"},"attributes":[{"key":"app","value":{"stringValue":"server"}},{"key":"instance_num","value":{"intValue":"1"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":1,"traceId":"08040201000000000000000000000000","spanId":"0102040800000000"},{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","severityNumber":9,"severityText":"Info","body":{"stringValue":"something happened"},"attributes":[{"key":"customer","value":{"stringValue":"acme"}},{"key":"env","value":{"stringValue":"dev"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":1,"traceId":"","spanId":""}]}]}]}
{"resourceLogs":[{"resource":{"attributes":[{"key":"resource-attr","value":{"stringValue":"resource-attr-val-1"}}]},"scopeLogs":[{"scope":{},"logRecords":[{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000009875","severityNumber":9,"severityText":"Info","body":{"stringValue":"This is a log message"},"attributes":[{"key":"app","value":{"stringValue":"server"}},{"key":"instance_num","value":{"intValue":"1"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":1,"traceId":"08040201000000000000000000000000","spanId":"0102040800000000"},{"timeUnixNano":"1581452773000000789","severityNumber":9,"severityText":"Info","body":{"stringValue":"something happened"},"attributes":[{"key":"customer","value":{"stringValue":"acme"}},{"key":"env","value":{"stringValue":"dev"}}],"droppedAttributesCount":1,"traceId":"","spanId":""}]}]}]}

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